Abstract
Aim
The project aims to understand the sustainability issues faced by PepsiCo and the threats related to it. To attain the aim, detailed insight into the sustainability aspect within the PepsiCo context has been evaluated in the following project.
Methodology
The methodology in the project helps the project understand different methods and techniques that can be used to analyze the collected information and data in a detailed manner. The selection of secondary techniques helps the project collect related journals and articles for understanding the topic.
Findings
The finding of the project defines that the sustainability threats faced by the company are creating an impact on the organizational reputation margin. Furthermore, based o the data analysis, it can be mentioned that PepsiCo is trying to implement various corporate social responsibility strategies to improve performance measurement needs.
Conclusion
According to the concluding statement of the project, the importance of sustainability needs within an organization can be understood. Moreover, PepsiCo is dealing with sustainability threats related to plastic usage, water wastage, and others that have affected its reputation; therefore, to mitigate the negative influence, the implementation of accurate CSR methods will be an effective strategic need.
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Introduction as a research chapter is responsible for providing detailed insight on the selected topic for discussing the sustainability issues faced by the PepsiCo organization and its impact on the company’s position. The aim and objectives that will be met throughout the project analysis have been defined here, too, along with the significance behind selecting the topic as well.
1.2 Background
Sustainability is an important part of the business that can create a positive brand image for the company, with the help of the sustainability aspect creating a connection between society and the environment and the company becomes evident (Jallow, 2021). PepsiCo is a multinational beverage company that is known for serving the best quality non-alcoholic drinks to its customers. According to the case of PepsiCo, it can be stated that it faces different sustainability issues, which are responsible for directly affecting the business. For example, the issue regarding plastic pollution, climate change, waste management, water wastage, and others. With the help of the following project learning about these issues in a detailed manner becomes easy (Shara, 2018). The reason behind selecting the topic can be justified by the fact that it will define how these issues can be mitigated properly. At the same time, keeping the project evaluation in mind, it has become quite clear that by improving sustainability value organizational performance can become accurate.
1.3 Research Problems
The research problem that will be identified as related to sustainability, as sustainability is the core of any business, which has the credibility of helping the companies create a better understanding of how to balance social, environmental, and economic aspects can be created. Therefore, the management of the issue will provide a detailed insight into the topic. Another issue or problem related to the topic is changing market needs and their impact on the business; for example, employee demands, customer needs, or changing economic culture are responsible for affecting the business of PepsiCo as well.
1.4 Research Aim
The project aims to learn, about the sustainability challenges and issues faced by PepsiCo and how those challenges are getting addressed. To attain the aim different objectives, need to be met too, such as:
- To evaluate the sustainability considerations in the food and beverage industry.
- To recognize the sustainability issues and challenges in PepsiCo.
- To analyze the sustainability issues from the theoretical perspective of environmental sustainability and waste management.
- To evaluate the measures taken by PepsiCo to address its sustainability challenges and issues.
- To examine how sustainability challenges and issues faced by PepsiCo can be resolved
1.5 Research Significance
The significance of the research project can be justified based on the fact that it has the credibility of analyzing the topic from a detailed point of view of sustainability. Learning about the issues of sustainability can implement strategies for accurately managing the issues (Gabriel, 2017). Another significance that can be linked to the project is by analyzing the topic and learning about how sustainability can be improved for managing a better work value.
Therefore, the selection of the research topic has the credibility of defining the strategic culture of PepsiCo in a positive direction, where the organization will be able to implement methods regarding sustainability to increase overall market value. Moreover, the analysis of the sustainability threats will provide an opportunity for PepsiCo to work with its weak areas profitably.
1.6 Research Structure
To attain the set research, aim, and objectives, the project should follow a detailed research structure that includes 4 different chapters such as:
- The introduction chapter is known for providing a detailed insight into the subject and the topic, keeping a background understanding in mind; moreover, the chapter is responsible for analyzing the significance of the topic along with the aim and objectives that need to be met too.
- The literature review chapter describes the topic from a theoretical point of view and based on the evidence, support for analyzing the topic becomes evident.
- The methodology and data analysis chapter presents an idea about the techniques by which set aims and objectives are achieved. Data analysis is a part of the project which evaluates collected information by using an accurate method that presents detailed findings.
- The conclusion chapter provides a final idea about the topic and provides required recommendations.
1.7 Summary
The introduction chapter describes the importance of sustainability threats faced by PepsiCo and the impact created by different asocial theories has been evaluated here. Moreover, the objectives that will be met in the later chapters of the project have been described here in a detailed manner.
Moreover, the introduction as a chapter has the credibility of defining the topic from a background perspective that provides an opportunity to define the significance and reason behind selecting the topic. The structure in which the project will be analyzing the topic has been described here too.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Sustainability and Its Importance and Impact
Organizations are looking for new strategic resources of productive competitive edge (Kolk, 2016) and increasing profitability of the company (Koehler, 2006) as a result of the evolving globalized economy and the rise in popularity of ecological sustainability as a reaction to the transformations taking place by modifying the entire business model and undertaking functions centered on the coming years, on developing the competence to withstand and improve over the long-term to stakeholders benefit (Belyaeva, 2018). Schulz and Flanigan (2016) claim that integrating sustainability can enable firms to attain these objectives in their current analysis. As a result, business organizations are required to adapt to social and ecological transformations and present new organizational strategies to their stakeholders, particularly consumers, community, and staff.
Figure: Sustainable development model
(Source: Touboulic, 2014)
The conceptualization of sustainability has evolved over the last two decades, but this novel approach appears to embrace the current paradigm that a strong sustainability policy must be inclusive, coordinated, and integrated spanning society, ecosystem, and citizens to be efficient. The fact is that the pandemic’s effects, or those of digital transition and sustainable development, are reshaping the mechanics of operational processes, and they cannot be overlooked (Touboulic, 2014). Climate risk is increasingly being included in PepsiCo’s business strategy. Unexpected occurrences influencing the supply chain, new guidelines, polluters paying fees on hydrocarbons and plastics, and the likelihood of customer reaction are all potential causes for concern as mentioned by Jackson (2021).
PepsiCo’s sustainability policy, underpinned by leading scientific measurements and economic evaluation, concentrates on the sectors in which it can have the most significant effect while also developing scalable methods and collaborations to ensure development across the whole value chain. The firm’s emissions target matches the Corporate Aspiration for 1.5°C promise and has already been accepted as the most aspirational certification possible through the approach of the Science-Based Targets. “We commend PepsiCo for adopting an emission reduction compatible with the Paris Agreement’s highest aspirational aim of reducing warming to 1.5°C,” said Nate Aden, Senior Analyst at World Resources Institute, one of the Science-Driven Goals initiative participants (Zhongming et al., 2021). “Organisations have a critical responsibility to reduce carbon output, so it is inspiring to see main players, such as PepsiCo, wanting to take steps is very crucial.” PepsiCo’s activity plan focuses on mitigating the impact, lowering GHG pollution to reduce carbon emissions, its processes and supply network, and adaptability; threats are constant to the effects of climate change by incorporating climate change risks into business continuity management. The company’s reducing emissions strategy would be extensive across important sectors such as agriculture, processing, transportation, and activities, with activities in more than 200 states and regions around the globe and approximately 260,000 workers.
PepsiCo acknowledges stakeholder interaction as a means of contributing to sustainability. As part of the firm’s social responsibilities and sustainability strategy planning, tight procedures have been put in place to ensure a long-term connection with its partners. ‘PepsiCo has created a solid partnership with NGOs and consistently encourages them to harness their knowledge and expertise or interest to assist define their CSR procedures and monitoring methodologies,’ according to the corporate website. These interactions have aided in better-identifying sustainability goals that meet both the company model and the stakeholders’ aspirations. PepsiCo spends mostly on initiatives related to its command chain, and they have fully implemented Kramer and Porter’s principles (Shara et al., 2018). According to Porter, firms are socially responsible nowadays since they recognize that socially conscious operations establish and grow credibility and ethics and provide a competitive edge. PepsiCo’s socially responsible operations promote sustainability in farming, water usage effectiveness, alternative energy sources, packaging, waste, and recycling. With whole grain snacks and vitamin drinks, the firm also promotes a healthy lifestyle. PepsiCo incorporated sustainability into its corporate culture to strengthen its corporate strategy and acquire a competitive edge. According to the Triple Pundit website, PepsiCo met its 2019 goal of supplying clean water two years later. The sustainability report demonstrates PepsiCo’s commitment to providing nutritious goods to its consumers.
The cradle-to-cradle idea comprises human resources developing new technologies and procedures in manufacturing operations. Natural resources are being drained at a far quicker pace while the rate of product development is growing. Every day, so much garbage is created worldwide that must be utilized since it endangers human life. However, a few of these byproducts are recyclable, which provides a chance for recycling companies to profit while also providing work for specific individuals. Human inventiveness is also required when making things that may be recycled for later use. PEPSICO may include the cradle-to-cradle philosophy in its operations. For example, water used during manufacturing operations may be recycled and utilized to irrigate farmland or clean industrial surfaces. The truth is that they often use the majority of green inputs, such as fresh foods, which provides the path for trash to be reused as organic fertilizers in fields (Kopnina et al., 2019). This is significantly more sustainable from the cradle to the grave without the related expenditures of purchasing chemical fertilizers, which were implicated in illnesses like diabetes on their own. It may also buy a large amount of recycled paper to produce plastic packagings such as throwaway tetra packages for its drinks and the printing of booklets for use in ads. This will allow the firm to save money on manufacturing costs. Solar energy may also be used in the lighting systems of the firm’s plants.
PepsiCo conducted a techno-economic evaluation to explore the technical viability, efficiency, and market risks concerning an integrated biorefinery to accomplish F&B waste economization (Kwan et al., 2019). The three varieties of sugar syrups were chosen based on their potential industrial applications. The following are the reasons for selecting these three configurations: Fructose syrup – As mentioned in earlier research findings, PepsiCo Accelerated Research Group – Sustainable Packaging in the United States would like our study team to investigate the technical viability of creating a bioconversion procedure to transform its expired F&B waste materials to fructose syrup, that can then be used for the non-food packaging industry. In this instance, the sugars might be valorized without isomerization or glucose-fructose segregation. Indeed, the premise of selling glucose-fructose combinations to the existing biotechnology business has not been validated. Still, it is interesting to explore the techno-economic results and evaluate the findings with fructose syrup manufacturing. Glucose-rich syrup could be marketed straight to industrial biotechnology as the principal end-product without isomerization of glucose-fructose segregation. Because isomerization didn’t occur, syrup’s predominant element must be glucose, with the remainder being fructose. It would have been fascinating to compare its techno-economic performance to the other two, as this option anticipates considerable cost reductions in downstream processing stages.
The majority of recycling actions reported by businesses are concerned with the quantitative recycling component. Some papers emphasize preserving the quality of materials, presenting a more detailed understanding of the CE problems. Some companies even understand the difficulties in maintaining material quality. To reach their 2025 target of creating 100 percent of their packaging to be recovered or recycled, Pepsico emphasizes the necessity to “remove components in Pepsico developed a package that impairs recycling sorting or pollutes recovery flow” (Meherishi et al., 2019). chemistry as a critical tool for unlocking some of the significant advances for the future, such as performance-enhancing materials, component enhancements, and overcoming hurdles to closed-loop processes.“ The evaluated firms report primarily on implementing actions aimed at decreasing loops that were already in existence in linear economic models, shutting loops, and, to a lesser extent, delaying loops. The majority of reported actions are focused on the primary item and packaging, with a particular emphasis on end-of-life control and decision effect, and to a smaller extent, on circular product development and operational model initiatives. Most general partnerships are with enterprises, but consumer-facing efforts are primarily absent, despite being considered necessary for the shift to the Circular Economy.
2.2 Theoretical Framework
Theories are an important part of any business and have the credibility of creating a better understanding of how different methods are managed. Keeping the understanding of theoretical frameworks in mind it can be mentioned that theories like systematic theory, situational theory, and some others.
2.3 Theories of Public Relations
2.3.1 Systematic Theory
Systems theory is involving with an interdisciplinary study of systems that have some interdependent portions that can be normal. Every arrangement is restricted by interplanetary and time, affected by its atmosphere, well-defined by its construction and determination, and stated via its operation (Wondimu, 2021).
2.3.2 Situational Theory
The situational theory represents that no solo leadership style is the ultimate one. It focused on the major sections of leadership along with the method that is best suited to the process. It implements and adapts to the team’s desires and establishes a helpful balance for the entire association.
2.3.3 Theory of Persuasion and Social Influence
Persuasion is a procedure of social effect in that viewers is purposely reinvigorated to accept an idea or boldness of action by representative means. Persuasion Theory is a mass message theory that associates with messages expected at delicately altering the arrogances of receivers.
2.3.4 Social Exchange Theory
Social exchange theory is mainly associated with a sociological along with psychological theory that deals with social behavior in the communication of two aspects that adopted a cost-benefit evaluation to regulate risks and paybacks. It helps to make decisions by deliberately measuring the charges and rewards of a connection or activity, eventually, it focuses to develops the prize.
2.3.5 Diffusion Theory
Diffusion theory mainly focuses on the spread of an innovation by a populace. Diffusion theory produces analytical models for evaluating and predicting the subtleties of distribution of our evolution in a socio-technical arrangement (Krishna, 2021).
As per Greenpeace, PepsiCo applies 2.3 million metric tonnes of plastic every year. That creates a massive issue in the sustainability aspects of the company (Perkins, 2018). On the other hand, PepsiCo has established marks to produce 100% of its packaging biodegradable, degradable, or compostable by 2025. PepsiCo puts a global impact of soil erosion, climate change along with water scarcity in an indirect way that threatens its capability to reach the basic requirements of the general people (Chua et al., 2020). Several other issues include maximizing access to energy and combatting climate change. So, it is essential to note that, the entire company has been involved with a long-term joined approach to reconciling financial constancy with social and environmental sustainability to generate long-term value for all the investors which includes another important sustainability-related challenge (Perkins, 2018).
According to Busco et al. (2017), it has become very much important for a global company like PepsiCo to increase its entire sustainability-related prospects. The company requires to understand the most difficult sustainability challenges, risks, and opportunities. Apart from that, the company also needs to include a well-defined route to decarbonization. That reduces the issues linked with the massive carbonization positively. For a company like PepsiCo, it is equally essential to involve an operating model that decreases hazards along with social and environmental impacts in a strong way. To reduce the sustainability-related issues, PepsiCo requires providing a model in the hosting nations which are focused upon long-lasting corporation and collaboration.
Sustainable impacts and techniques to solve them
A firm may also use a sustainable governance management plan. This covers tasks such as reflecting on an industry’s actual financial situation, audits, and risk assessment. Furthermore, this might imply incorporating “megatrends” into an organization’s culture of strategic planning. Moreover, a corporation might employ core competencies as a long-term management approach (Sehrawat et al., 2019). A company can ensure sustainability by implementing viable business strategies motivated by companies’ sustainability ideas. A corporation can typically apply four sustainable corporate management techniques: core competencies, administration, stakeholder, and resources management techniques. In the case of PepsiCo, the enterprise’s managers can use any of these sustainable management practices to develop a sustainable corporate culture effectively. The effectiveness of these long-term management strategies is contingent on the operational implementation of the business strategy. If the management strategy is incorporated into company planning and judgment choices, including research and innovation efforts, new production processes, and the acquisition of new human capital, there is a high likelihood of success. A successful management plan ensures the entire product life cycle is covered. An otherwise successful strategy can stall if it reaches a point that was overlooked in the product life cycle. Therefore, a successful strategic management strategy encompasses an organization‘s entire product life cycle.
The financial expenses of sustainable packaging under various management systems. The management options under consideration in the study are both dedicated and shared. According to the study, the cost savings in the shared mode are adversely connected with the number of package types. In the most extreme instance, each provider requires individual packaging, so the shared method doesn’t make sense. The article found that the shared mode may be more viable for systems with matched demand when there is a minor gap between demand in two places. Furthermore, if the proportion of shipments not returned to the provider is significant, the shared mode may be advantageous in cost reduction (Mahmoudi et al., 2020). The authors also demonstrated that because quick trips substitute long-distance journeys of empty goods in the sharing manner, time savings and, as a result, cost reduction must be anticipated. The duration of the planning horizon is one of the elements influencing reusable packaging inventory control. Despite several research examining the influence of planning horizon on product production planning, relatively few studies have concentrated on the effects of planning horizon on reusable packaging stock planning and management.
The majority of recycling actions reported by businesses are concerned with the quantitative recycling component. Some papers emphasize preserving the quality of materials, presenting a more detailed understanding of the CE problems. Some companies even understand the difficulties in maintaining material quality. To reach their 2025 target of creating 100 percent of their packaging to be recovered or recycled, Pepsico emphasizes the necessity to “remove components in Pepsico developed a package that impairs recycling sorting or pollutes recovery flow” (Meherishi et al., 2019). chemistry as a critical tool for unlocking some of the significant advances for the future, such as performance-enhancing materials, component enhancements, and overcoming hurdles to closed-loop processes.“ The evaluated firms report primarily on implementing actions aimed at decreasing loops that were already in existence in linear economic models, shutting loops, and, to a lesser extent, delaying loops. The majority of reported actions are focused on the primary item and packaging, with a particular emphasis on end-of-life control and decision effect, and to a smaller extent, on circular product development and operational model initiatives. Most general partnerships are with enterprises, but consumer-facing efforts are primarily absent, despite being considered necessary for the shift to the Circular Economy.
The outcome of past studies
Long et al., (2018) decided to determine key success factors and impediments in the shift from conventional business strategies to sustainable solutions. They want to look at the approach of business innovation strategy for long-term viability from a managerial standpoint, focusing on core operations and expanding on principles of business transformation. The analysis focused on food and beverage companies and small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in the Netherlands. This is indeed a fascinating empirical background since this is a vibrant, commercially important industry in the Netherlands that is experiencing an obligation to enhance its environmental sustainability. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain data from 14 situations, which were then analyzed to discover a variety of crucial success factors and impediments.
Cooperation, a coherent purpose and goal, constant improvement, a sustainable basis, profitability, and unexpected external occurrences, according to the research, are all important success determinants for the transformation to sustainable growth. Unpredictable factors, principle-agent difficulties, and an absence of cooperation from larger actors and institutions are all impediments. The findings show that firms that want to build a sustainable business strategy must incorporate sustainability as a primary aspect of their operations.
Another study by Touboulic (2014) revealed details on PepsiCo’s real application of sustainability standards in its supply chains. This study fills a qualitative information gap concerning the relational elements of integrating SSC practices. The study takes an Action Research (AR) strategy, using a range of empirical approaches to contribute to theoretical learning while also addressing the research participants’ practical difficulties. The approach and consequences of this AR project, which has circled multiple emerging cycles of exploration, are presented in this thesis.
Environment-related issues of PepsiCo
As stated by (Qian, Dargusch, and Hill, 2022), it is essential to highlight that the industrial uprising massively develops greenhouse gas emissions. That is also associated with the human actions that have become one of the most effective extraordinary international issues to social expansion as well as it also affects the natural atmosphere. Along with the developing consciousness of ecological improvement and the up-gradation of global support apparatuses, there is an international harmony to regulate all of those greenhouse gases. Most effectively to evade permanent as well as catastrophic climate variation, there is an emergency requirement for all of the big industries like PepsiCo, to take proper and strong steps and generate several trustworthy promises to deal with the climate change and carbon reduction targets. This process is mainly associated with the Paris Agreement as well as the UN Sustainable Expansion targets.
Being one of the most powerful and wide-ranging global food and beverage businesses with a variety of well-known products, PepsiCo needs to generate some positive and costly assurances to science-based climate targets. That decreases the GHG emissions from its straight functions by 75% in contradiction to the 2015 starting point as well as decreasing GHG emissions over its subsidiary value chain by 40% by 2030.
Along with that the company also needs to establish some determined new goals to gain net-zero releases between 2040. So, it can be stated that PepsiCo has combined carbon reduction along with some climate approaches in all emphasis zones over its value chain, quickening its work on the expansion of the scale of maintainable farming and regenerative farming processes. In other words, decreasing plastic application along with growing the application of recycling and renewable resources and accepting low-carbon replacements will help the company deal with the major issues. In addition, improving efficiency and substitute resolutions in transference and delivery; unstable to renewable electricity as well as fuels in production and fleet.
Strategies of PepsiCo to deal with the issues
PepsiCo has gained a 23% of the complete releases target of dropping Scope 1 as well as Scope 2 emissions along with 7.9% of the total emissions goal of dipping Scope 3 releases. This research tries to identify the presence of PepsiCo in attaining the carbon decrease targets by focusing on the evolution of the reported carbon approximations along with discount methods. It is equally important for the company to involve some future proposals and guidance by containing a case study analysis. Although PepsiCo has reported great progress in reducing carbon emissions, further efforts are needed to achieve these goals (Korkmaz, 2022). The outcomes of this analysis provide a different insight into inter-organizational administration mechanisms for sustainability and the essential role of specific constituents in the SC’s transition to more ecological procedures.
Literature Gap
The literature gap related to the project is that sustainability might be an important topic for current customer customers, which is being neglected by organizations. Therefore, the literature is trying to meet the gap related to the changing needs of customers that are creating an impact on the organizational strategy. For example, customers in recent years have become more environmentally conscious than they were a few years back. Therefore, there are not enough research papers existing that deal with the topic (Shara, 2018). With the help of the project working on the gap of research, the topic will become evident and accurate.
Summary
According to the literature review analysis, it can be mentioned that sustainability is an important part of any business. For example, in the case of PepsiCo, the issues related to improper waste management are creating a long-term impact on the business value. The detailed evidence-based analysis of the research topic discusses the topic from the theoretical point of view. PepsiCo is trying its best to manage sustainability issues accurately for creating a long-term impact on the business value.
Chapter 3: Research Method, Data Analysis, and Ethical Implication
3.1 Methodology
The methodology is an important part of the project that describes related techniques and methods which in the following project have been used to collect research objectives and aims. The ethical implications that have been managed while analyzing the topic are described too.
3.1.1 Research Philosophy: Positivism
The positivist research philosophy has been used in the project, which is trying to evaluate the topic without any human influence. The prime reason for using the philosophical approach can be justified by the fact it has the credibility of analyzing the selected information from an observational point of view and by taking help from the assumptions regarding the topic (Mishra and Alok, 2017).
3.1.2 Research Approach: Deductive Research Approach
The reason behind the deductive research approach in the project can be justified by the fact that it will be considering different theories and frameworks of the topic, and based on the analysis of the topic will become easy. According to the deductive approach and its analysis aspect, the project will be able to evaluate the topic insightfully. The deductive technique is trying to consider and evaluate secondary information sources as well (Mishra and Alok, 2017).
3.1.3 Research Strategy: Qualitative
The selection of qualitative methods in the project helps data to be evaluated with the help of descriptive techniques and related theories and frameworks. The qualitative method is responsible for analyzing the understanding of sustainability issues faced by PepsiCo. Another reason for using qualitative descriptive research design can be justified by the fact that it will analyze the topic from different topic-related evidence (Nayak and Singh, 2021).
3.1.4 Data Collection Method: Secondary
The importance of secondary data collected from the project cannot be denied, as it provides an understanding of the indirect sources of the project. The consideration of indirect research sources provides a theoretical idea related to the topic, which has been evaluated in the following chapters (Zawacki-Richter et al. 2020).
3.1.5 Sampling Method: Non-Probability Method
The selection of a non-probability method in the project has the credibility of helping the project attain every research population storing and management aspect positively. The non-probability technique in the project has stated that it has considered around 15 to 20 research articles and journals regarding the topic to provide a detailed understanding of the sustainability issues faced by PepsiCo (da Silva, 2017).
3.1.6 Data Analysis Method: Thematic Analysis
The prime reason for selecting thematic analysis in the project can be justified by the fact that it has the credibility of analyzing the research topic from a theoretical and model perspective. Moreover, the implementation of different topic-related themes will provide insight into the project topic. The selection of particular themes in the project will be shedding light on the sustainability topic and its impact on the case of PepsiCo which will help the company understand how the issues can be mitigated too (Davidavičienė, 2018).
3.2 Data Analysis and Findings
Thematic analysis
Theme 1: Issues and requirements of sustainability in the beverage industry
Beverage industries are mainly involved in the process of manufacturing beverages and ready-to-drink products like bottled water, soft drinks, energy and nutritional drinks, and cold drinks, including certain other tea and coffee-based drinking items. These beverage industries have captured quite a substantial popularity in the market. Among all the beverage industries, one of the leading and most popular beverage industries is the PepsiCo Company. There are certain key issues faced by the company, including facing tough competition in the market, which in turn causes a reduction in the revenue rates (PepsiCo, 2020). The emergence of certain other rival companies in the market with several unique products caused a serious effect on the company’s sales volume. Another vital issue faced by the company is its inability of tackling environmental concerns, which mainly include excessive use of water and again at the cost of the local people who need this water for their basic needs. The incapability of tackling health concerns is a serious issue of the company, as excessive intake of their products leads to some serious health problems. Thus, it is the first and foremost duty of the company to manufacture products only after keeping in mind the health of the consumers consuming them. The requirements adopted by the company to sustain itself in the market beverage industry include the availability of sustainable water resources and providing clean and safe water to fulfill agricultural needs and the need for water daily which in turn would benefit the company (Korkmaz, 2022). The company even aims at producing a better and wide range of products that are beneficial for both humans as well as the planet. It even aims at reducing the amount of added sugar in many of its beverages and the quantity of saturated fat in its various food items so that people will be able to consume them as a part of their balanced diet.
Theme 2: Waste management is a major focus for PepsiCo
PepsiCo announced a new goal for 2025: to minimize the usage of virgin polymeric materials in its product lines by 35 percent by enhancing the utilization of recycled material and sustainable packaging (Packaging World, 2020). Waste minimization has been a strategic objective for PepsiCo and a core pillar of its PepsiCo Positive mission in each of its formats including across its value stream. It benefits the company not just in terms of financial advantages and efficiency, but it is ultimately essential to being a responsible ambassador in the societies where they exist (PepsiCo, 2020).
Waste recycling of PepsiCo in 2020
(Source: PepsiCo, 2020)
They go to considerable extents to recover items in useful ways. PepsiCo works with its stakeholders to find valuable benefits for the processing waste left over after production (Livemint, 2021). For instance, its Leicester factory in the United Kingdom is redefining the way to repurpose unused potato peelings from the production of Walker’s Potato chips into low-carbon fertilizer that should be redistributed to the farmland in which the crisps have been cultivated. Once scaled up, this fertilizer is predicted to cut Walkers’ potato-based greenhouse gases by 70% by 2023 (Packaging World, 2020).
PepsiCo collaborates with companies that support businesses to lessen the amount of garbage they send to landfills. Recycling, decomposition, and waste-to-energy industries are among them. Implementing a robust local ecosystem for such initiatives allows PepsiCo to achieve its obligations while also boosting the domestic economy and decreasing pollution outside of core activities (PepsiCo, 2020).
Theme 3: Pepsico is working on sustainability in its entire value chain
PepsiCo (2020) will contribute to the formulation of a complete and equitable value chain by taking steps to:
- fulfill net-zero emissions by 2040;
- become net groundwater positive from 2030;
- as well as reach zero climate impact by 2040.
- Implemented more environmentally friendly packaging within the value chain.
Moreover, PepsiCo is taking steps to reduce virgin plastic per serving throughout its global food service client base by 50 percent by 2031, use 50 percent sustainable materials in its plastic wrapping, and scale the SodaStream venture internationally, a groundbreaking foundation that almost reduces the necessity of packaging applications, among other things (Food Manufacturing, 2021). In addition, the firm would continue on its $570 million diversification, equality, and inclusion mission. They started an outreach program to motivate, assist, and strengthen all of their 291,000 workers to consider contributing to their neighborhoods.
PepsiCo has also been reinforcing its stronghold in the nuts and seeds sector, in which the business is currently the worldwide recognized leader, with prominent roles in Mexico, China, and several Western European nations. Through the deployment of science-based benchmarks throughout its inventory including the use of healthy oils to prepare its foodstuffs, the firm is expediting its lowering of artificial sweeteners and sodium (Food Manufacturing, 2021).
Theme 4: Measures taken by PepsiCo to address its sustainability challenges
The perception of sustainable development is a widely accepted business strategy. Firms of all categories and sectors have been embedding global sustainability strategies into their organizational foundations as recognition of the potential implications of business on the environment has developed. As a result, organizations intending to be sustainable have adopted initiatives aimed at lowering the negative climate repercussions of their operations. PepsiCo is one of the firms with long-term organizational approaches that allow its leadership to effectively establish a sustainable attitude.
PepsiCo’s Performance with Purpose strategy (PepsiCo, 2016) for the next ten years focuses on three key areas:
- Through the product lines of the business, it is participating in the wellness of the community and well-being.
- Taking care of the environment.
- People throughout the world are becoming supported.
PepsiCo is implementing an integrated approach to making achievements in all three areas throughout its operations and in coordination with others. Mainstream scientific discoveries, customer expectations, and interaction with relevant parties, including the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, have all influenced the company’s ambitions (United Nations, 2015).
The business’s activities in accomplishing these objectives have been made compatible with appropriate investment strategies, profitability expectations, and the generation of shareholder returns. The organization thinks that attaining these initiatives would improve its economic health and earnings in the long haul. The firm further began to evolve its food and beverage offerings to meet emerging consumer demands, based on the updated nutritional recommendations from the World Health Organization and relevant institutions, by minimizing artificial sweeteners, fat content, and salt quantities in its product range (PepsiCo, 2022).
For the year 2025, the firm has instituted the essential objectives:
- At minimum two-thirds of its worldwide beverage assortment will contain 100 calories or lower per 12-ounce serving including artificial sweeteners.
- It will supply marginalized communities and households with at least three billion servings of nutritional meals and drinks.
PepsiCo’s focus is to diminish the food system’s ecological impact by increasing efficiency and empowering its vendors and business relationships. The organization is a promoter of the Paris Climate Agreement and is working to reduce its indirect pollution while expanding globally. It will continue to improve the sustainability of its production and distribution capabilities, as well as expand its environmental stewardship measures throughout the entire production chain.
Figure: Renewable wind turbine used by PepsiCo
(Source: Packaging World, 2021)
PepsiCo has committed to reducing absolute GHG pollutants by more than 40% throughout the full supply system by 2030, to reach net-zero emission levels by 2040 (Packaging World, 2021). The company has also been utilizing renewable energy sources for part of its production operations to minimize its carbon footprint.
PepsiCo and The PepsiCo Foundation have undertaken to donate $65 million in worldwide recycling cooperation activities to increase recycling rates and waste disposal since 2018. The manufacturer’s packaging is biodegradable in 85 percent of cases (PepsiCo, 2020).
The administration is pushing towards a target of 100 percent compostable or biodegradable (RCB) by 2025. There are already 22 worldwide marketplaces that offer a PepsiCo product packaged entirely in rPET. This demonstrates the corporation’s effort to minimize plastic pollution, which has been a big issue for the company (PepsiCo, 2020). Cooperation with various partners as well as internal collaborators and decision-makers, the firm has refilled over 3.2 billion liters of water through regional ecosystems by 2020.
Figure: Sustainability achievements of PepsiCo
(Source: PepsiCo, 2020)
The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil has formally authenticated upwards of 99 percent of the company’s palm oil (RSPO). They’ve also increased operational water-use efficiency by 15% in high-risk places, bringing them closer to their target of a 25% decrease by 2025 (PepsiCo, 2020).
Overall these initiatives indicate that the company has developed various strategic targets to minimize its environmental impacts and address its sustainability issues. However, there is still an opportunity to improve their operations and ensure further progress in the coming years.
Theme 5: There is a requirement for resilience in the entire value chain of PepsiCo
There is an urge among businesses to make their operations more sustainable in the long run. PepsiCo has also been focusing on this aspect in recent years. According to the CSO, the administration has acknowledged that the food chain is likely more unstable than previously imagined. He admitted that the demand for an ecological, adaptive, and accessible food system is perhaps more than they had anticipated. In that sense, it had no bearing on what they intended to achieve, but it certainly re-emphasizes the requirements of being comprehensive and quick (Greenbiz, 2021).
Many organizations are putting R&D towards agri-tech to create more ecological production systems, and 55% of F&B executives say they are investing more in environmental sustainability. Moreover, the road to assuring sustainability is long, and PepsiCo will need to make inventive improvements. There are several aspects where they can strengthen, and consumers, creditors, and stakeholders are pressuring them to hasten their sustainable conversion (Precognize, 2021).
As per Long et al., (2018) Sustainability is sometimes believed to refer exclusively to a company’s ecological impact, however, it covers a broad spectrum of difficulties, including:
- Waste reduction
- Environmental degradation and emissions reduction
- Minimizing indirect pollution
- Increasing staff safety and well-being
- Supporting diversity in the recruiting process
- Improving the number of nutritious consumables available
These aspects will be important for PepsiCo in the coming years in its pursuit of long-term sustainability.
Figure: Impact of temperature rise on the food system
(Source: Deloitte Insights, 2021)
According to Deloitte Insights (2021), each degree Celsius spike in worldwide average temperature reduces crop production by up to 6%, rice harvests by up to 3.2 percent, maize harvests by up to 7.4 percent, and legume harvests by approximately 3.1 percent, putting the food production at stress. As a consequence, sustaining a global population that is projected to reach approximately 10 billion by 2050 will become particularly complex. As a result, PepsiCo’s management must be resilient and establish long-term plans.
3.3 Ethical Implications
Ethics is important in any project that has the credibility of managing the decision accurately. With the help of the ethical aspects giving credit to secondary sources and authors become easy. Moreover, avoiding plagiarism is another essential part of a project that can positively increase the project’s value. Avoiding biased responses regarding the topic can impact the result too (Pandey and Pandey, 2021). Ethical considerations can manage the entire collected data properly without any interference from third-party sources.
Chapter 4: Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusion
The research has focused on the sustainability challenges faced by Pepsico and what measures are being taken by the multinational organization to reduce its ecological impact. The research has been conducted in a systematic structure to ensure recognition of the research issue and obtain fundamental evidence regarding the problems. Moreover, a theoretical foundation has been built covering the fundamentals of sustainability. Secondary resources such as prior research and industrial reports have been used to obtain current data evaluating the ongoing practices of PepsiCo in ensuring sustainability.
Certain themes have emerged from the entire analysis which helps to attain the research aim. The company has recognized its existing issues regarding sustainability and therefore has introduced comprehensive strategies. PepsiCo decreases the quantity of virgin plastic required in its packing by downsizing beverage bottles, transforming the process they manufacture flexible film, enhancing overall usage of repurposed food packaging, and transitioning to bioplastics whenever appropriate.
In addition, the corporation has understood the value of waste reduction in its operations. Their initiatives to decrease wasted food are committed to making the most practical use of farm products in production plants and coming up with imaginative techniques to use the organic waste which persists. They are actively developing their equipment and industrial techniques to guarantee that the raw material is used to its fullest capacity.
The company in recent years has been achieving satisfactory results as indicated in its annual reports for 2020-2021. However, they are still far from being NetZero in environmental pollution and therefore should continue to innovate and readjust the existing value chain to achieve their sustainability targets. The company needs to build its coming strategies on the fundamentals of the sustainable development model and support its neighboring communities while ensuring economic prosperity and minimizing environmental adverse effects.
Realization of objectives
The objectives of the research have been focused on ensuring that the overall real-world business problem can be addressed through this evaluation. The first objective is to evaluate the sustainability considerations in the food and beverage industry. It has been attained by reviewing existing literature and outlining the sustainability initiatives that can be taken.
The next objective is to recognize the sustainability challenges and issues of PepsiCo and it has been accomplished in the literature review and through analyzing reliable secondary data. The major issues of the company are related to plastic pollution, waste management, limiting energy consumption, and increasing healthy ingredients in their products.
To attain the following objective, the issues have been evaluated using reputed journals and industry reports. The analysis of data indicates that Pepsico has been taking active initiatives to address sustainability problems and making progress in empowering the community while also minimizing its carbon footprints. The company needs to continue its efforts in the coming years to achieve its sustainability goals.
Recommendations
Based on the overall analysis, the following recommendations can be presented to PepsiCo for addressing the sustainability issues in the coming years:
Ensuring a transparent supply chain
People and organizations have a fundamental part in supporting a long-term future. To maintain that PepsiCo does not hurt the social surroundings, it is critical to use products that are reasonably procured and employ a working population that is managed ethically. Within the food sector, there has emerged a necessity for openness in the worldwide beverage market in terms of identifying the source and existence of chemicals in sugary beverages. The company can use innovative technology such as blockchain to improve traceability and procurement.
Improve stakeholder engagement for sustainable efforts
The core assumption of stakeholder engagement is to keep in touch with those who are participating in or influenced by the company’s operations in some form. For big multinationals like PepsiCo, it’s necessary to have a conversation about sustainable development with employees, customers, and community groups. From a local standpoint, readdressing their interaction with vendors which will have a strong effect on neighborhoods is one strategy to promote stakeholder participation (CO2Sustain, 2021).
Improving their manufacturing process
Inside the production chain, there are several opportunities to strengthen sustainable development. Everything doesn’t have to affect revenue; in fact, it may typically lead to higher cost-effectiveness and contribute to PepsiCo’s bottom line. The short-term expenditure on manufacturing conservation is well worthwhile. Refrigerators, cool chambers, heating and cooling, packaging machines, and conveyors are the most energy-intensive operational features in the beverage business, according to the Australian Industry Group (2021). PepsiCo can have a significant influence on the production process’s sustainable practices, efficiency, and cost by emphasizing such operations.
Limitations of the research
The project work about PEPSICO had certain limitations which have been faced, and it has impacted the outcome of the research work. Firstly due to the limitations of the budget, the collection of data from secondary sources was difficult as they needed subscription money. Secondly, the limited time provided for the project restricted specific analyses of journals which barred the project from that information. Thirdly the information provided about PEPSICO was very limited, and hence secondary sources were to be depended upon, and even no employees were available for being contacted. Therefore seen were the journals or research works are quite old.
Future scope
The research work about PEPSICO gives out the result about future scope, which states that further research can be carried out over the same project quite effectively. Moreover, the topic of research stands to be quite new and so supplementary assessment will help to gather more information related to the research paper and conclude upon the same at ease. Different research methods can be applied to govern the project along with analyzing the challenges related to sustainability and the issues faced by the same as well. If the company information provided is slightly better, then the understanding will be elevated and descriptive as well.
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