Introduction:
Tourism can be considered as the star of the growth economic in Bali. Bali is located in the Archipelago of Indonesia which is known for its tropical climate, volcanic mountain peaks, and sunny beaches. Bali is, however, becoming increasingly crowded as a tourist destination day by day. Tourism in Bali is a huge industry that provides a source of income for many villages and families across the island. As per Abrate & Viglia, Bali is an island in Indonesia that does not have adequate natural resources which makes tourism to be an important sector of the economy of the island. Tourism in Bali has experienced rapid development for the past two decades and has resulted in Bali being the most popular tourist destination in Indonesia (Abrate & Viglia, 2016).
People from all around the world are drawn by the intricate rice paddies, temples, paddies, and fascinating culture. The rapidity in the development of world tourism in Bali resulted in the opening of the airport in Denpasar which has contributed to the growth in tourism. As per Arenoe, van der Rest & Kattuman, the area of the economy witnessed growth in employment from the year 1970 to 1980. this resulted in bringing stability to the economy of the country. Despite the implications of tourism that is good for the economy of Bali as a whole, certain negative impacts are faced by Bali in recent times (Arenoe, van der Rest & Kattuman, 2015). The difference in the culture in Bali for the tourists is also reflected in the languages that are spoken or used for communication.
Considering the negative impacts of the development of hotels in Bali, tourism also has adverse impacts on the residents and the environment of the place. It can be said that the perceived negative impact of Bali is greater than the positive impact. The island is being crowded by people who are increasing every single day. The construction of villas and hotels which are also increasing to provide accommodation to the increasing crowd has resulted in creating a huge turmoil in the environment of Bali. Balinese have their language to effectively communicate with each other (Arenoe, van der Rest & Kattuman, 2015).
Thus, for the residents to preserve the culture of Bali, it is required to preserve the language which can only be done by using The Balinese language by the residents regularly. If the residents of Bali would stop using Balinese, then the language would be on the verge of extinction which is threatening the culture of the place. On the other hand, to maintain hospitality for foreigners, the hotel industry has to hire people who know better English or recruit foreigners who can speak better English. This way it is impacting the frequency of usage of the Balinese language in the country (Arenoe, van der Rest & Kattuman, 2015).
Language:
However, there have been both positive and negative impacts of tourism in Bali due to the hotel development. The development of hotels due to a wide range of tourism activities has impacted positively the resident of Bali. As tourism contributes a lot to the economy and development in Bali which has made Bali one of the places in Indonesia to have high standards of living with the number of people who are either very less or completely uneducated.
According to Brown, Arendt & Bosselman, while many foreigners flock to Bali for tourism purposes as well as invest in the development of the hotel industry, the building of entertainment and hotel venues is an obvious outcome. Investors have the capital to build recreation centers and build large villas, restaurants, luxurious resorts, etc, which enhance the hospitality industry. When there is an incoming huge number of foreigners, there arises a need to have effective communication with the foreigners as the regional language of Bali is Balinese (Brown, Arendt & Bosselman, 2014).
The majority of the population across the world speaks and understands English. Thus, it is easy to communicate in English for obvious reasons any tourist won’t be learning Balinese after visiting the country. The language barrier provides a great scope for the residents of Bali to learn, speak and be fluent in the English language as they need to communicate with the foreign guests and tourists for making the tourist feel that they are accepted and understood in the country. This also plays a major factor in increasing business as tourists majorly prefer those places where they are understood, especially since they do not face issues with the language barrier (Denizci Guillet, Law & Xiao, 2014).
The inability to be exposed to effective English language is brought down by the development of the hotel industry in Bali as the employees who are already working or the individuals who are willing to work have to learn English as a language of communication. This is a very positive impact on the residents of Bali which would in a certain way enhance the education status of the residents of the island (García-Lillo, Úbeda-García & Marco-Lajara, 2016). Moreover, the increasing number of hotels would also lead to an increase in the accommodation for tourists. Tourists would find the place very accommodating and comfortable and even give positive reviews about the place to their friends and family which would also invite in more tourists (Guerrier, 2013).
It is even found that many tourists are even inquisitive to learn a new language and the language of the places that they visit. The tourists also get interested in learning The Balinese language which results in an exchange of culture and language to some extent. Thus, the richness of the cultural heritage of Bali is enhanced which adds to the enhancement of the place as a whole.
Type of work:
The people of Bali were mostly engaged in the agriculture sector. The people mostly worked in the rice fields of Bali which is diminishing day by day due to the development of hotels. Many rice fields were even sold for the benefit of investors from foreign countries to build villas and other luxury resorts.
This has also led to the blockage of the irrigation channels which are closed due to the construction of roads and buildings for better access to the hotels and villas (Israeli, 2014). The outcomes of all these activities have led to droughts in the rice fields which has decreased the production of grain for the country. Thus, the agriculture sector is hit negatively by the development of hotels.
They prefer money to the culture which is very evident from their lifestyle. The social life of the people in Bali is becoming chaotic individualism from an enhancing community. They are slowly losing the sense of culture which slowly would lead to the extinction of the Balinese culture.
Many families can service due to the employment that it is providing tie the Balinese people. Unemployment in Bali is getting reduced every year due to the development of hotels and the hospitality industry. Thus, the development of the economy is evident due to the development of tourism and hotels in Bali.
Religion:
With the commercialization of tourism, the influx of tourists from all over the world can be directly presented as the influx of various cultures. Most of the residents in Bali are Hindus for whom the sea is treated as one form of God. According to Lin, Chang & Lin, Hindu people worship and Respect Sea. Tourists from all over the globe ignore the fact and the religious belief of the Hindus and look forward to their entertainment which happens to damage the environment.
This is specifically observed in the cases where the resorts and hotels are built by the side of the beach. Moreover, the Hindus consider the consumption of beef and the killing of cows as a huge sin (Lin, Chang & Lin, 2014). On the contrary, most foreigners find beef to be a delicacy and thus, the hotels in Bali have to provide them with beef which results in the killing of many cows in the Hindu country. This is damaging the cultural belief as well as the environment of Bali.
It can be said the increased number of tourists would result in the exchange of knowledge regarding the different cultural heritage of many countries on the island. This would provide the residents as well as the tourist from all countries the scope to learn about various cultures (Rahimi, et al., 2016). When people from multiple countries would stay in the hotels, the employees who are Balinese would gain knowledge and insights into the various cultures of different countries. Thus, they can pass the knowledge to other residents which would be enhancing in it.
Conclusion:
Bali is an exceptionally beautiful island that is termed one of the “Dreamed Destinations” of Asia. The fact that it is flooded with tourists all the time of the year, both the beautiful environment and the coast is disfigured by tourism. Thus, sustainability has to be practiced while developing hotels and other tourism and hospitality activities to maintain both the environment and culture.
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