Introduction
The living organism is sorted into two main groups basing on the fundamental structures which make up their cells, and these two major groups are the Eukaryotes and the Prokaryotes. The Eukaryotes are living organisms that poses cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus. Therefore, you find that it holds the DNA information of chromosomes and has other cell organelles bound by the membrane. Consequently, they make the three main domains of life known as Eukaryota, including multicellular organisms such as Animals, Plants, and Fungi. Additionally, the prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, and these apply in Bacteria and Archaea.
Similarities.
1.Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm refers to the medium where chemical reactions take place in the cell and of which the cytosol is the primary component. In Eukaryotic cells, these mediums, known as cytoplasm, comprise everything between the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane. These include the organelles; the nucleoplasm is termed as the material within the nucleus. Moreover, in prokaryotic cells, the cytoplasm is made up of everything found in the plasma membrane, including the genetic materials and the cytoskeleton.
2.Ribosomes
In both prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, the Ribosomes facilitate translation of RNA and protein synthesis, which is essential for the cells’ metabolic activities.
3.Genetic Materials
Both the Prokaryotic cells and the Eukaryotic cells use DNA as the basis of their genetic information. (Cao, 2018). Deoxyribonucleic acid is needed in regulation and informing the cell function, which results in the creation of Ribonucleic Acid through the process of Transcription, followed by a translation that results in the generation of protein.
4.Cell Membrane
In both the prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, it poses a lipid bilayer composed of proteins and phospholipids that regulate the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
Differences
1.Cell size
The Eukaryotic cells are larger when they are compared with the Prokaryotic cells.
2.Cell Division
This occurs by binary fission in prokaryotic cells, while in Eukaryotic cells, division of the cells is by mitosis. Additionally, the eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis, followed by cytokinesis; these involve several stages, which result in the formation of two identical daughter cells. In contrast, the binary fission which occurs in the prokaryotic cells is simpler and faster when compared to the process of mitosis. (Reininger, 2018). Binary fission involves replicating DNA, segregation of the chromosome, and forming a new cell that is identical to the parent. Unlike in Mitosis, binary fission does not have some processes like the formation of spindle fibers, nuclear envelope, and centromere.
3.Sexual Reproduction
The prokaryotes reproduce asexually, while most of the eukaryotes reproduce sexually. Additionally, sexual reproduction in the case of eukaryotes results in the formation of offspring with a mixture of genetic materials from both parents. In contrast, in prokaryotic cells, asexual reproduction results in production of clones which is similar to the parent, and therefore you find that they depend on horizontal genetic transfer to enhance variation.
4.Membrane-bound organelles.
The eukaryotic cells contain organelles bound with the membrane, while the prokaryotic cells lack organelles bound with the membrane. (Reininger, 2018). Furthermore, the eukaryotic cells are the only one which contains membrane-bound nucleus and organelles which are secured with membrane such as the lysosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum.
References
Cao, Y. (2018). Computational cell biology.
