Introduction

Universally, Malnutrition in Children has been a significant concern nowadays. Organizations such as WHO and UNICEF are taking significant actions to prevent malnutrition at an early stage among children as they are the future of our society. In the world of times where no one should go hungry, or we aim to do so, children in remote locations and those who can’t afford better food quality are the majority suffering from the problem. The leading cause of malnutrition involves improper diet and lack of nutrients required by the body in the food we eat. Due to lack of government assistance to needy people staying in remote areas such as subsidy they are unable to buy fresh fruits and vegetables for at least maintain a proper diet. Not providing subsidies results in all private shops which makes the costs even higher for the poor people to afford.  

Different types of malnutrition occur such as Protein-energy malnutrition where one is a deficit from the nutrients, micronutrient deficiency disease occurs from specific nutrients deficiency

Moreover, it is mainly observed in children under the age of 10. It affects the body and minds stopping us from the doing the easiest of tasks. Low energy and improper function brain also seize children to think properly, it also affects the woman during the time of pregnancy which results in underdeveloped offspring (Murray &Manary, 2015). Some diseases which should cease to exist in children at adult age become dormant and spring to action because of malnutrition at an early stage also known as scurvy sometimes. Common causes of malnutrition occur because 

some of the basic steps can be taken by the government and the individuals to help in removing the situation in most of the parts of Australia. People should be made aware of the causes, and effect of malnutrition. The government can provide fruits and vegetable at cheap rates to the remote areas and poor people. Setting up of camps to engage more and more targeted communities. If we are not well versed with improving the condition at an early stage of childhood then it involves side effects and symptoms. People aged near 65 are overtly malnourished due to certain conditions. Some medical conditions prevent the body from absorbing many nutrients for proper functioning of the immune system and delay in recovery (Correiaet al. 2014). Social factors  play a vital position in the proper diet.

Figure 1: Symptoms of malnutrition

(Source: Correia et al. 2014)

2. Action Team and Target community

In this twenty-first century we have grown and improved to make our everyday life happy, but it has severe side effects. Average economic growth for an individual is prominent but with many advantages problems pitched in too. In Australia the average health of a people where we face issues like malnutrition, obesity, and many more concerns. Malnutrition does directly refer to food unavailability or low weight. Not consuming proper food as human body requires health wise also lead to hunger despite consuming enough food. Like many other problems, the first and foremost approach to find the solution is to make people conscious about foods and body needs.

We need to keep the economic bounds in mind too. As reiterated by WHO nowadays everywhere in the world we eat food as we want not as we need and the trend of consuming outside food is at its prime (Sahu et al. 2015). So we need to maintain proper awareness about food quality, and food outlets should follow that. And last but the most important is to develop the overall economy to ensure every people own at least some critical wealth to take care of their health. People with enough wealth have to contribute and share happiness with the needful, and as an active frame, we must ensure fair, honest platforms where all can collaborate. We can look successful project or campaign like Eat Well Australia: an agenda for action in public health nutrition 2000-2010 and the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nutrition Strategy and Action Plan.

Figure 2: Statistics of malnutrition around the globe

(Source: Sahuet al. 2015)

3. Roles and responsibilities

The main three things we need to consider are quality, awareness, and the economy. We have to combine our efforts as our capability stands and divide tasks appropriately. Everyone as an individual has a quality either by knowledge or money or energy, and we need to focus on the fact to help everyone around us (Langendorfet al. 2014). To manage this prevention campaign, we must take up responsibilities into our hands. Nurturing our subsequent generation is only our responsibility so that the future remains bright rather than being covered by disasters. Roles can be divided into teams referring to tasks like

Management Team: People need to manage the project, and figure out the challenges before that and implement well-planned ideas to monitor the work. They hold the responsibility to take up all high-level decisions and maintain the information flow within the project.
Budget Sub Team: ->A group can try finding and collaborating around people to see the budget for this noble deed because there are people with wealth and a knack to help, one of the most prominent examples can be fundraised by successful organizations like ADRA, Action on Poverty.
Dietician Team:-> People with knowledge can lead campaigns or at least try to teach people around them about proper diet. We can look at a bigger picture and categorize based on region and try to summarise the diet needs and find out what and why is missing there in high scale (Tetteet al. 2015).
Education Team:-> The most critical solution can be known about food and be aware of health which can only be achieved by educating people. We can set up small camps or hubs where people can learn as well as check their health to get proper advice on their food habits.

4. Budget limitation
Any successful implementation of a project the essential requirement is budget. Literally, the term Budget refers to the structure of the expenditure which needs to be maintained to successfully execute the project within the specified timeframe. We are trying to approach various stakeholders in the market who are looking to invest in projects like this that aims to improve us and the people around us in society. Also, we are planning to collaborate with different NGOs present across the country trying something similar and already executing plans successfully (Abizandaet al. 2016).
In this project, we require a considerable amount of funds as it aims for the combined improvement of the issue rather than finding instant solutions region-wise. As a list, we can enroll costs like transportation, food, food maintenance, knowledge hub set up, stationary, and well-organized IT platform to reach out globally and maintain track of status. Now estimation is theoretical, and we face real challenges while implementing it. Having no flexibility in the gross budget hinders project growth so we especially the management team need to take care of this in a well-organized manner.

5. Timeframe
Once we get a clear view of what we aim to achieve, we can start designing the whole process. The management team plays a significant role here. Based on the scope of the project we need to pre-calculate risks and resolute those in the solution design (Paul et al. 2014). Timeframe strictly refers to the deadline by which we must finish our goals. We need to plan well so that all the prerequisites are well met and all sub-teams are informed in detail in time to execute their tasks.
Malnutrition prevention strategy
Like every other problem we need to find the root because to prevent it from Malnutrition also we need to focus on finding the primary reason behind it. Finding the proper prevention strategy means the plan by which we can maximize the goal and minimize other risk factors.
Planning and Community Engagement: Malnutrition is the type of problem which affects any age category, and the most severe danger is people fail to find out they are a victim of it (Collins & Porter, 2015). So the primary aim should be by setting up small camps with resources to reach out to people and make them aware. We can target the economically less improved regions first. The term Community engagement means involving people from both ends, the needful and the stakeholders as well as people keen to help.
Implementation: As we are looking for the fixed solution to eradicate malnutrition in Australia we are going to build health stores with nutritious foods and knowledgeable person who can make people aware of their health. Routine spreading of all needed knowledge among all categories like elders, children, rich, poor everyone.
Management: Managing here means keeping track of the whole workflow and act accordingly whenever a challenge comes. We need to find the best feasible solution in every step as providing enough resource to the needful might demand flexibility from the budget perspective (Abizanda et al. 2016). We need to tackle this situation by keeping balance in every subtask.
Evaluation: Evaluation is the most important of all as whatever plan is executed we need to be able to see the proper outcome of this effort. It refers to the statistical output which actually means how much of the goal we have achieved and judge and takes decisions accordingly. In our case, as we are trying to carry out this region wise we want to evaluate as how many areas we cover to make people aware of what their health needs as well as provide it.

Indicators
Outcomes to be measured
Improvement in body figure
Body weight and height index should be checked for the BMI index and interpret if the person is malnutrition or not
Increase in energy
Engagement in more amount of physical and mental activities
A decrease in consumption of unhealthy and nutrition-less food
More conscious and aware towards the ingredients and calories during food intake

 

6. Recommendations
The project for malnutrition among kids and older adults aims to determine the possibilities and prevention measures to minimize the effect of it at a later stage. However, during the process, we came to know that it is not possible to analyze and treat every child and older adults based on a single set of diets. We have to personalize most of the patients to achieve high sustainability in the project, also to maximize the aim of the project.
Therefore, mentioned below are the recommendation to avoid limitations to our project:
Personalized plans to be developed to help every participant according to their needs. This will, in turn, require the significant number of participants to help out with the process in every step. The inclusion of doctors and medical team

Therefore, mentioned below are the recommendation to avoid limitations to our project:

1. Personalized plans to be developed to help every participant according to their needs. This will, in turn, require a significant number of participants to help out with the process in every step. The inclusion of doctors and medical teams will be of utmost priority and importance.
2. It is also recommended to provide counseling to parents who just had their offspring on how to check proper diet and include all necessary nutrients for their baby to avoid the after-effects of malnutrition. According to Semba (2016), psychological doctors and practitioners will help us in determining the aspect of improvement in the approach and stabilize the crowd with utmost care.
3. No doubt for improvement of the quality, efforts have to be given for of home food by reducing the bacterial contamination and use of healthy habits such as handwashing before eating, and clean utensils to be used while making food. Educating mothers to breastfeed their infants rather than relying on packaged products as breastfeeding provides the essential nutrition for the growth of infants.
4. The introduction of additional foods is to be researched and well placed in the diet metrics to functional outcomes. These should be applicable for older adults who have problems in digesting all kinds of food to maintain their body nutrition needs.

7. Conclusion

A fundamental aim of this project is the assessment and analysis of malnutrition extent in the children and older adults in an early stage to minimize it is after effects at a later stage. The most important aspect is to determine where the flaw is receiving the right nutrients in food for the body. Concerning this, we have limited our search to an infant’s orphanage where we can start with the root of it. And also we are keeping our concentration on nursing homes where different diseases impact the body as well as enhance the probability of malnutrition. Proposed methodologies and solutions to eradicate hunger will help in the probable cause and maintain the lifestyle of sick children. Help from organizations such as WHO, UNICEF, and the contribution of individuals will support our cause to a greater extent. Raising awareness and providing the right education to the people who live in remote areas and cooperation from the government giving subsidy’s to the poor people will help in maintaining health and the environment. 

References

Abizanda, P., Sinclair, A., Barcons, N., Lizán, L., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2016). Costs of malnutrition in institutionalized and community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 17(1), 17-23.

Collins, J.,& Porter, J. (2015). The effect of interventions to prevent and treat malnutrition in patients admitted for rehabilitation: a systematic review with meta‐analysis. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics, 28(1), 1-15.

Correia, M. I. T., Hegazi, R. A., Higashiguchi, T., Michel, J. P., Reddy, B. R., Tappenden, K. A., … & Muscaritoli, M. (2014). Evidence-based recommendations for addressing malnutrition in health care: an updated strategy from the feed. E. Global Study Group. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 15(8), 544-550.

de Pee, S., Grais, R., Fenn, B., Brown, R., Briend, A., Frize, J., … & Kiess, L. (2015). Prevention of acute malnutrition: distribution of specialized nutritious foods and cash, and addressing underlying causes—what to recommend when, where, for whom, and how. Food and nutrition bulletin, 36(1_suppl1), S24-S29.

Langendorf, C., Roederer, T., de Pee, S., Brown, D., Doyon, S., Mamaty, A. A., ... & Grais, R. F. (2014). Preventing acute malnutrition among young children in crises: a prospective intervention study in Niger. PLoS medicine, 11(9), e1001714.

Morilla-Herrera, J. C., Martín-Santos, F. J., Caro-Bautista, J., Saucedo-Figueredo, C., García-Mayor, S., & Morales-Asencio, J. M. (2016). The effectiveness of food-based fortification in older people a systematic review and meta-analysis. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 20(2), 178-184.

Murray, E., & Manary, M. (2015). A significant role of the microbiome in the development of acute malnutrition and implications for food-based strategies to prevent and treat severe malnutrition. Food and nutrition bulletin, 36(1_suppl1), S72-S75.

Paul, A., Doocy, S., Tappis, H., & Evelyn, S. F. (2014). Preventing malnutrition in post-conflict, food insecure settings: a case study from South Sudan. PLoS Currents, 6.

Sahu, S. K., Kumar, S. G., Bhat, B. V., Premarajan, K. C., Sarkar, S., Roy, G., & Joseph, N. (2015). Malnutrition among under-five children in India and strategies for control. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine, 6(1), 18.

Semba, R. D. (2016). The rise and fall of protein malnutrition in global health. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 69(2), 79-88.

Tette, E. M., Sifah, E. K., & Nartey, E. T. (2015). Factors affecting malnutrition in children and the uptake of interventions to prevent the condition. BMC Pediatrics, 15(1), 189.

Appendix 1:

A planned timeframe for the implementation of the project

September 2018	Proposal submission, approval and preparation of questionnaire
October 2018	Meetings with the stakeholders, discussion n of project goals, obtaining permission for the use of a site, arrangements for carrying out different activities
November 2018	Conducting surveys around the school and primary care interventions, meeting with parents and school teacher for in-depth analysis
December 2018- January 2019	Implementation of spreading awareness through education for parents, teachers and community leaders
February- March 2019	Continue evaluation  of the project task with progress at the different region